Products & Variants
Your product catalog in Commerce is represented by a pair of element types.
- Products are the top-level container for goods and content.
- Variants represent individual purchasables that are ultimately added to carts.
Every product must have one or more variants, and every variant belongs to a single product.
To illustrate the relationship between products and variants, consider the needs of a store that sells apparel.
A particular pair of tennis shoes is available in two colors, and in U.S. half-size increments from 6 to 12. The product we’re describing might have a name like “Court Balance DX,” while the variants represent each intersection of a color and size. This is both a key discovery tool (customers need to find shoes that fit their feet and style), and a necessary business tool for the store owner (tracking inventory, accounting for shipping weight, visualizing sales).
In this example, the product would hold all the marketing information like text, photos, and graphics, while the variants represent unique, saleable variations. Customers shop for a shoe that is aligned with their needs and tastes, but buy a specific size and color.
# Products
Products organize your goods into logical bundles of variants. A product itself is never actually purchased—what goes into a cart for purchase is one of the product’s variants. In this way, the product is free to house some globally-relevant attributes or content, while the variants describe specific physical or digital items.
In the same way that Craft’s native element types each share a set of common attributes, every Commerce product has a Title, Slug, Post Date, Expiry Date, and per-site status options.
# Product Types
Product Types provide a way to distinguish classes of goods in your stores. Manage product types in the control panel from
- Commerce
- System Settings
- Product Types
Despite their similarities to entries, a product’s type cannot be changed after it is created.
# Product Type Options
Each product type has the following settings.
- Name
The name of the product type as displayed in the control panel. Customers only see this if you explicitly output it in the front-end (or in an email or PDF).
- Handle
The handle is what you’ll use to reference the product type in code. In Twig, you would query for products with the
clothes
type like this:{% set clothes = craft.products() .type('clothes') .all() %}
- Versioning
Enable versioning to queue and revert product content changes with Craft’s drafts and revisions system.
- Titles
When enabled, each product will require a Title. Disable this if you’d like to generate titles with an object template, using values of other attributes or fields.
- Automatic SKU Format
Defines what auto-generated SKUs should look like when a variant’s SKU field is left empty. This setting is an object template, meaning it can include dynamic values such as
{product.slug}
or{myCustomField}
.The SKU format is always evaluated in the context of a variant, so product attributes must be prefixed with
product
, like{product.myCustomField}
.Commerce requires that SKUs are unique across all variants in the system—including anything in the trash, so avoid using static or ambiguous values (like
PLACEHOLDER
) that are apt to collide when first saving a variant.- Order Description Format
Identifies a variant in the cart. Like the SKU format, this is also an object template, and gets rendered in the context of a variant. It can include tags that output properties, such as
{product.title}
or{myVariantCustomField}
.The rendered string is ultimately stored in a line item’s
description
attribute. Changing a description format after an order has been completed does not apply retroactively.- Max Variants
To limit products of this type to a single variant, use
1
in this field, or leave it blank for no limit.- Show the Dimensions and Weight fields
Allows you to hide the weight and dimensions fields if they are not necessary for products of this type.
- Show the Title field for variants
Whether or not to show the “Variant Title” field when adding or editing variants. When
true
a “Variant Title Field Label” will appear, allowing you to change what the “Variant Title” field label should be.- Site Settings
Like entries, products provide site-specific routing settings. When a customer visits a product’s URL in a given site, Commerce renders the specified template with a special
product
variable.
# Tax & Shipping
The second tab in a product type’s settings screen is strictly informational—it displays a list of Shipping Categories and Tax Categories (from the Store Management area) that can be selected from variants of current product type.
Product types are defined globally, but shipping and tax categories are defined per-store. If you have similarly-named categories in multiple stores, you may see them listed twice.
# Product Fields
Every product type’s authoring experience can be tailored to its needs through a field layout. Consider what content belongs on a product and what belongs on a variant.
A product’s field layout must include the special Variants field layout element, which controls where the nested element management interface lives.
# Variant Fields
In addition to fields associated with a product, the product type defines what fields are available to its nested variants.
# Templating
There are a ton of ways to leverage your product types and product data in templates. Keep in mind that the custom fields available to each product type may differ—but they’re accessed exactly the same way as you would with any other element type!
# Displaying a Product Type
Every product has access to its product type definition via a type
attribute:
<ul class="breadcrumbs">
<li><a href="{{ siteUrl }}">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="{{ siteUrl('shop') }}">Shop</a></li>
<li><a href="{{ siteUrl("shop/#{product.type.handle}") }}">{{ product.type.name }}</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>{{ product.title }}</h2>
This example generates a URL to an “index” for a product type—but requires that we set up a corresponding route that maps it to a template:
return [
// ...
'shop/<productType:{slug}>' => ['template' => '_shop/product-type'],
];
# Listing Product Types
Returns an array of all product types set up in the system.
{% for type in craft.commerce.productTypes.allProductTypes %}
{{ type.handle }} - {{ type.name }}
{% endfor %}
# Querying Products
You can fetch products using product queries.
Once you’ve created a product query, you can set parameters on it to narrow down the results, and then execute it by calling .all()
. An array of Product elements will be returned.
See Element Queries in the Craft docs to learn about how element queries work.
# Example
We can use Twig to display the ten most recently-added Clothing products:
- Create a product query with
craft.products()
. - Set the
type
andlimit
parameters on it. - Fetch the products with
.all()
. - Loop through the products using a
for
(opens new window) tag to output their HTML.
{# Create a product query with the 'type' and 'limit' parameters #}
{% set newProducts = craft.products()
.type('clothing')
.limit(10)
.all() %}
{# Display the products #}
{% for product in newProducts %}
<h2><a href="{{ product.url }}">{{ product.title }}</a></h2>
{{ product.summary|md }}
<a href="{{ product.url }}">Learn more</a>
{% endfor %}
To fetch the same information with GraphQL, we could write a query like this:
{
products(limit: 10, type: "clothing") {
title
uri
... on clothing_Product {
summary
}
}
}
# Product Query Parameters
Product queries support the following parameters:
Param | Description |
---|---|
after | Narrows the query results to only products that were posted on or after a certain date. |
afterPopulate | Performs any post-population processing on elements. |
andRelatedTo | Narrows the query results to only products that are related to certain other elements. |
asArray | Causes the query to return matching products as arrays of data, rather than Product (opens new window) objects. |
availableForPurchase | Narrows the query results to only products that are available for purchase. |
before | Narrows the query results to only products that were posted before a certain date. |
cache | Enables query cache for this Query. |
clearCachedResult | Clears the cached result (opens new window). |
dateCreated | Narrows the query results based on the products’ creation dates. |
dateUpdated | Narrows the query results based on the products’ last-updated dates. |
defaultHeight | Narrows the query results based on the products’ default variant height dimension IDs. |
defaultLength | Narrows the query results based on the products’ default variant length dimension IDs. |
defaultPrice | Narrows the query results based on the products’ default variant price. |
defaultSku | Narrows the query results based on the default productvariants defaultSku |
defaultWeight | Narrows the query results based on the products’ default variant weight dimension IDs. |
defaultWidth | Narrows the query results based on the products’ default variant width dimension IDs. |
expiryDate | Narrows the query results based on the products’ expiry dates. |
fixedOrder | Causes the query results to be returned in the order specified by id. |
hasVariant | Narrows the query results to only products that have certain variants. |
id | Narrows the query results based on the products’ IDs. |
ignorePlaceholders | Causes the query to return matching products as they are stored in the database, ignoring matching placeholder elements that were set by craft\services\Elements::setPlaceholderElement() (opens new window). |
inReverse | Causes the query results to be returned in reverse order. |
limit | Determines the number of products that should be returned. |
offset | Determines how many products should be skipped in the results. |
orderBy | Determines the order that the products should be returned in. (If empty, defaults to postDate DESC .) |
postDate | Narrows the query results based on the products’ post dates. |
preferSites | If unique is set, this determines which site should be selected when querying multi-site elements. |
prepareSubquery | Prepares the element query and returns its subquery (which determines what elements will be returned). |
relatedTo | Narrows the query results to only products that are related to certain other elements. |
search | Narrows the query results to only products that match a search query. |
shippingCategory | Narrows the query results based on the products’ shipping category. |
shippingCategoryId | Narrows the query results based on the products’ shipping categories, per the shipping categories’ IDs. |
site | Determines which site(s) the products should be queried in. |
siteId | Determines which site(s) the products should be queried in, per the site’s ID. |
siteSettingsId | Narrows the query results based on the products’ IDs in the elements_sites table. |
slug | Narrows the query results based on the products’ slugs. |
status | Narrows the query results based on the products’ statuses. |
taxCategory | Narrows the query results based on the products’ tax category. |
taxCategoryId | Narrows the query results based on the products’ tax categories, per the tax categories’ IDs. |
title | Narrows the query results based on the products’ titles. |
trashed | Narrows the query results to only products that have been soft-deleted. |
type | Narrows the query results based on the products’ types. |
typeId | Narrows the query results based on the products’ types, per the types’ IDs. |
uid | Narrows the query results based on the products’ UIDs. |
unique | Determines whether only elements with unique IDs should be returned by the query. |
uri | Narrows the query results based on the products’ URIs. |
with | Causes the query to return matching products eager-loaded with related elements. |
# after
Narrows the query results to only products that were posted on or after a certain date.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
'2018-04-01' | that were posted after 2018-04-01. |
a DateTime (opens new window) object | that were posted after the date represented by the object. |
{# Fetch products posted this month #}
{% set firstDayOfMonth = date('first day of this month') %}
{% set products = craft.products()
.after(firstDayOfMonth)
.all() %}
# afterPopulate
Performs any post-population processing on elements.
# andRelatedTo
Narrows the query results to only products that are related to certain other elements.
See Relations (opens new window) for a full explanation of how to work with this parameter.
{# Fetch all products that are related to myCategoryA and myCategoryB #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.relatedTo(myCategoryA)
.andRelatedTo(myCategoryB)
.all() %}
# asArray
Causes the query to return matching products as arrays of data, rather than Product (opens new window) objects.
# availableForPurchase
Narrows the query results to only products that are available for purchase.
{# Fetch products that are available for purchase #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.availableForPurchase()
.all() %}
# before
Narrows the query results to only products that were posted before a certain date.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
'2018-04-01' | that were posted before 2018-04-01. |
a DateTime (opens new window) object | that were posted before the date represented by the object. |
{# Fetch products posted before this month #}
{% set firstDayOfMonth = date('first day of this month') %}
{% set products = craft.products()
.before(firstDayOfMonth)
.all() %}
# cache
Enables query cache for this Query.
# clearCachedResult
Clears the cached result (opens new window).
# dateCreated
Narrows the query results based on the products’ creation dates.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
'>= 2018-04-01' | that were created on or after 2018-04-01. |
'< 2018-05-01' | that were created before 2018-05-01. |
['and', '>= 2018-04-04', '< 2018-05-01'] | that were created between 2018-04-01 and 2018-05-01. |
now /today /tomorrow /yesterday | that were created at midnight of the specified relative date. |
{# Fetch products created last month #}
{% set start = date('first day of last month')|atom %}
{% set end = date('first day of this month')|atom %}
{% set products = craft.products()
.dateCreated(['and', ">= #{start}", "< #{end}"])
.all() %}
# dateUpdated
Narrows the query results based on the products’ last-updated dates.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
'>= 2018-04-01' | that were updated on or after 2018-04-01. |
'< 2018-05-01' | that were updated before 2018-05-01. |
['and', '>= 2018-04-04', '< 2018-05-01'] | that were updated between 2018-04-01 and 2018-05-01. |
now /today /tomorrow /yesterday | that were updated at midnight of the specified relative date. |
{# Fetch products updated in the last week #}
{% set lastWeek = date('1 week ago')|atom %}
{% set products = craft.products()
.dateUpdated(">= #{lastWeek}")
.all() %}
# defaultHeight
Narrows the query results based on the products’ default variant height dimension IDs.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
1 | of a type with a dimension of 1. |
'not 1' | not a dimension of 1. |
[1, 2] | of a a dimension 1 or 2. |
['and', '>= ' ~ 100, '<= ' ~ 2000] | of a dimension between 100 and 2000 |
{# Fetch products of the product default dimension of 1 #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.defaultHeight(1)
.all() %}
# defaultLength
Narrows the query results based on the products’ default variant length dimension IDs.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
1 | of a type with a dimension of 1. |
'not 1' | not a dimension of 1. |
[1, 2] | of a a dimension 1 or 2. |
['and', '>= ' ~ 100, '<= ' ~ 2000] | of a dimension between 100 and 2000 |
{# Fetch products of the product default dimension of 1 #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.defaultLength(1)
.all() %}
# defaultPrice
Narrows the query results based on the products’ default variant price.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
10 | of a price of 10. |
['and', '>= ' ~ 100, '<= ' ~ 2000] | of a default variant price between 100 and 2000 |
{# Fetch products of the product type with an ID of 1 #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.defaultPrice(1)
.all() %}
# defaultSku
Narrows the query results based on the default productvariants defaultSku
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
xxx-001 | of products default SKU of xxx-001 . |
'not xxx-001' | not a default SKU of xxx-001 . |
['not xxx-001', 'not xxx-002'] | of a default SKU of xxx-001 or xxx-002. |
['not', xxx-001, xxx-002] | not a product default SKU of xxx-001 or xxx-001 . |
{# Fetch products of the product default SKU of `xxx-001` #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.defaultSku('xxx-001')
.all() %}
# defaultWeight
Narrows the query results based on the products’ default variant weight dimension IDs.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
1 | of a type with a dimension of 1. |
'not 1' | not a dimension of 1. |
[1, 2] | of a a dimension 1 or 2. |
['and', '>= ' ~ 100, '<= ' ~ 2000] | of a dimension between 100 and 2000 |
{# Fetch products of the product default dimension of 1 #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.defaultWeight(1)
.all() %}
# defaultWidth
Narrows the query results based on the products’ default variant width dimension IDs.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
1 | of a type with a dimension of 1. |
'not 1' | not a dimension of 1. |
[1, 2] | of a a dimension 1 or 2. |
['and', '>= ' ~ 100, '<= ' ~ 2000] | of a dimension between 100 and 2000 |
{# Fetch products of the product default dimension of 1 #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.defaultWidth(1)
.all() %}
# expiryDate
Narrows the query results based on the products’ expiry dates.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
'>= 2020-04-01' | that will expire on or after 2020-04-01. |
'< 2020-05-01' | that will expire before 2020-05-01 |
['and', '>= 2020-04-04', '< 2020-05-01'] | that will expire between 2020-04-01 and 2020-05-01. |
{# Fetch products expiring this month #}
{% set nextMonth = date('first day of next month')|atom %}
{% set products = craft.products()
.expiryDate("< #{nextMonth}")
.all() %}
# fixedOrder
Causes the query results to be returned in the order specified by id.
If no IDs were passed to id, setting this to true
will result in an empty result set.
{# Fetch products in a specific order #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.id([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
.fixedOrder()
.all() %}
# hasVariant
Narrows the query results to only products that have certain variants.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
a VariantQuery (opens new window) object | with variants that match the query. |
# id
Narrows the query results based on the products’ IDs.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
1 | with an ID of 1. |
'not 1' | not with an ID of 1. |
[1, 2] | with an ID of 1 or 2. |
['not', 1, 2] | not with an ID of 1 or 2. |
This can be combined with fixedOrder if you want the results to be returned in a specific order.
# ignorePlaceholders
Causes the query to return matching products as they are stored in the database, ignoring matching placeholder elements that were set by craft\services\Elements::setPlaceholderElement() (opens new window).
# inReverse
Causes the query results to be returned in reverse order.
# limit
Determines the number of products that should be returned.
# offset
Determines how many products should be skipped in the results.
{# Fetch all products except for the first 3 #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.offset(3)
.all() %}
# orderBy
Determines the order that the products should be returned in. (If empty, defaults to postDate DESC
.)
{# Fetch all products in order of date created #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.orderBy('dateCreated ASC')
.all() %}
# postDate
Narrows the query results based on the products’ post dates.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
'>= 2018-04-01' | that were posted on or after 2018-04-01. |
'< 2018-05-01' | that were posted before 2018-05-01 |
['and', '>= 2018-04-04', '< 2018-05-01'] | that were posted between 2018-04-01 and 2018-05-01. |
{# Fetch products posted last month #}
{% set start = date('first day of last month')|atom %}
{% set end = date('first day of this month')|atom %}
{% set products = craft.products()
.postDate(['and', ">= #{start}", "< #{end}"])
.all() %}
# preferSites
If unique is set, this determines which site should be selected when querying multi-site elements.
For example, if element “Foo” exists in Site A and Site B, and element “Bar” exists in Site B and Site C,
and this is set to ['c', 'b', 'a']
, then Foo will be returned for Site B, and Bar will be returned
for Site C.
If this isn’t set, then preference goes to the current site.
{# Fetch unique products from Site A, or Site B if they don’t exist in Site A #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.site('*')
.unique()
.preferSites(['a', 'b'])
.all() %}
# prepareSubquery
Prepares the element query and returns its subquery (which determines what elements will be returned).
# relatedTo
Narrows the query results to only products that are related to certain other elements.
See Relations (opens new window) for a full explanation of how to work with this parameter.
{# Fetch all products that are related to myCategory #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.relatedTo(myCategory)
.all() %}
# search
Narrows the query results to only products that match a search query.
See Searching (opens new window) for a full explanation of how to work with this parameter.
{# Get the search query from the 'q' query string param #}
{% set searchQuery = craft.app.request.getQueryParam('q') %}
{# Fetch all products that match the search query #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.search(searchQuery)
.all() %}
# shippingCategory
Narrows the query results based on the products’ shipping category.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
'foo' | of a shipping category with a handle of foo . |
'not foo' | not of a shipping category with a handle of foo . |
['foo', 'bar'] | of a shipping category with a handle of foo or bar . |
['not', 'foo', 'bar'] | not of a shipping category with a handle of foo or bar . |
an ShippingCategory (opens new window) object | of a shipping category represented by the object. |
{# Fetch products with a Foo shipping category #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.shippingCategory('foo')
.all() %}
# shippingCategoryId
Narrows the query results based on the products’ shipping categories, per the shipping categories’ IDs.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
1 | of a shipping category with an ID of 1. |
'not 1' | not of a shipping category with an ID of 1. |
[1, 2] | of a shipping category with an ID of 1 or 2. |
['not', 1, 2] | not of a shipping category with an ID of 1 or 2. |
{# Fetch products of the shipping category with an ID of 1 #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.shippingCategoryId(1)
.all() %}
# site
Determines which site(s) the products should be queried in.
The current site will be used by default.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
'foo' | from the site with a handle of foo . |
['foo', 'bar'] | from a site with a handle of foo or bar . |
['not', 'foo', 'bar'] | not in a site with a handle of foo or bar . |
a craft\models\Site (opens new window) object | from the site represented by the object. |
'*' | from any site. |
If multiple sites are specified, elements that belong to multiple sites will be returned multiple times. If you only want unique elements to be returned, use unique in conjunction with this.
{# Fetch products from the Foo site #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.site('foo')
.all() %}
# siteId
Determines which site(s) the products should be queried in, per the site’s ID.
The current site will be used by default.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
1 | from the site with an ID of 1 . |
[1, 2] | from a site with an ID of 1 or 2 . |
['not', 1, 2] | not in a site with an ID of 1 or 2 . |
'*' | from any site. |
{# Fetch products from the site with an ID of 1 #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.siteId(1)
.all() %}
# siteSettingsId
Narrows the query results based on the products’ IDs in the elements_sites
table.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
1 | with an elements_sites ID of 1. |
'not 1' | not with an elements_sites ID of 1. |
[1, 2] | with an elements_sites ID of 1 or 2. |
['not', 1, 2] | not with an elements_sites ID of 1 or 2. |
{# Fetch the product by its ID in the elements_sites table #}
{% set product = craft.products()
.siteSettingsId(1)
.one() %}
# slug
Narrows the query results based on the products’ slugs.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
'foo' | with a slug of foo . |
'foo*' | with a slug that begins with foo . |
'*foo' | with a slug that ends with foo . |
'*foo*' | with a slug that contains foo . |
'not *foo*' | with a slug that doesn’t contain foo . |
['*foo*', '*bar*'] | with a slug that contains foo or bar . |
['not', '*foo*', '*bar*'] | with a slug that doesn’t contain foo or bar . |
{# Get the requested product slug from the URL #}
{% set requestedSlug = craft.app.request.getSegment(3) %}
{# Fetch the product with that slug #}
{% set product = craft.products()
.slug(requestedSlug|literal)
.one() %}
# status
Narrows the query results based on the products’ statuses.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
'live' (default) | that are live. |
'pending' | that are pending (enabled with a Post Date in the future). |
'expired' | that are expired (enabled with an Expiry Date in the past). |
'disabled' | that are disabled. |
['live', 'pending'] | that are live or pending. |
{# Fetch disabled products #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.status('disabled')
.all() %}
# taxCategory
Narrows the query results based on the products’ tax category.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
'foo' | of a tax category with a handle of foo . |
'not foo' | not of a tax category with a handle of foo . |
['foo', 'bar'] | of a tax category with a handle of foo or bar . |
['not', 'foo', 'bar'] | not of a tax category with a handle of foo or bar . |
an ShippingCategory (opens new window) object | of a tax category represented by the object. |
{# Fetch products with a Foo tax category #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.taxCategory('foo')
.all() %}
# taxCategoryId
Narrows the query results based on the products’ tax categories, per the tax categories’ IDs.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
1 | of a tax category with an ID of 1. |
'not 1' | not of a tax category with an ID of 1. |
[1, 2] | of a tax category with an ID of 1 or 2. |
['not', 1, 2] | not of a tax category with an ID of 1 or 2. |
{# Fetch products of the tax category with an ID of 1 #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.taxCategoryId(1)
.all() %}
# title
Narrows the query results based on the products’ titles.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
'Foo' | with a title of Foo . |
'Foo*' | with a title that begins with Foo . |
'*Foo' | with a title that ends with Foo . |
'*Foo*' | with a title that contains Foo . |
'not *Foo*' | with a title that doesn’t contain Foo . |
['*Foo*', '*Bar*'] | with a title that contains Foo or Bar . |
['not', '*Foo*', '*Bar*'] | with a title that doesn’t contain Foo or Bar . |
{# Fetch products with a title that contains "Foo" #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.title('*Foo*')
.all() %}
# trashed
Narrows the query results to only products that have been soft-deleted.
# type
Narrows the query results based on the products’ types.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
'foo' | of a type with a handle of foo . |
'not foo' | not of a type with a handle of foo . |
['foo', 'bar'] | of a type with a handle of foo or bar . |
['not', 'foo', 'bar'] | not of a type with a handle of foo or bar . |
an ProductType (opens new window) object | of a type represented by the object. |
{# Fetch products with a Foo product type #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.type('foo')
.all() %}
# typeId
Narrows the query results based on the products’ types, per the types’ IDs.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
1 | of a type with an ID of 1. |
'not 1' | not of a type with an ID of 1. |
[1, 2] | of a type with an ID of 1 or 2. |
['not', 1, 2] | not of a type with an ID of 1 or 2. |
{# Fetch products of the product type with an ID of 1 #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.typeId(1)
.all() %}
# uid
Narrows the query results based on the products’ UIDs.
{# Fetch the product by its UID #}
{% set product = craft.products()
.uid('xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx')
.one() %}
# unique
Determines whether only elements with unique IDs should be returned by the query.
This should be used when querying elements from multiple sites at the same time, if “duplicate” results is not desired.
{# Fetch unique products across all sites #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.site('*')
.unique()
.all() %}
# uri
Narrows the query results based on the products’ URIs.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches products… |
---|---|
'foo' | with a URI of foo . |
'foo*' | with a URI that begins with foo . |
'*foo' | with a URI that ends with foo . |
'*foo*' | with a URI that contains foo . |
'not *foo*' | with a URI that doesn’t contain foo . |
['*foo*', '*bar*'] | with a URI that contains foo or bar . |
['not', '*foo*', '*bar*'] | with a URI that doesn’t contain foo or bar . |
{# Get the requested URI #}
{% set requestedUri = craft.app.request.getPathInfo() %}
{# Fetch the product with that URI #}
{% set product = craft.products()
.uri(requestedUri|literal)
.one() %}
# with
Causes the query to return matching products eager-loaded with related elements.
See Eager-Loading Elements (opens new window) for a full explanation of how to work with this parameter.
{# Fetch products eager-loaded with the "Related" field’s relations #}
{% set products = craft.products()
.with(['related'])
.all() %}
# Variants
This section has not been updated for Commerce 5.x.
A variant describes the individual properties of a product as an item that may be purchased.
Those properties inclue a SKU, price, and dimensions. Even if a product doesn’t appear to have any variants in the control panel, it still uses one default variant behind the scenes.
Let’s compare examples of a single-variant an multi-variant product: a paperback book and a t-shirt.
A book sold in only one format does not have meaningful variations for the customer to choose, but it would still have a specific SKU, price, weight, and dimensions. A single, implicit default variant needs to exist and that’s what would be added to the cart.
A t-shirt, on the other hand, would have at least one variant for each available color and size combination. You wouldn’t sell the t-shirt without a specific color and size, so multiple variants would be necessary. If the shirt came in “small” and “large” sizes and “red” or “blue” colors, four unique variants could exist:
- small, red
- small, blue
- large, red
- large, blue
# Variant Properties
Each variant includes the following unique properties:
Property | Type | Required? |
---|---|---|
SKU | string | |
Price | number | |
Stock | number or unlimited | |
Allowed Qty | range | |
Dimensions | number (l × w × h) | |
Weight | number | |
Related Sales | relationship (Sale) |
Each variant may also have any number of custom fields to allow other distinguishing traits.
Commerce does not automatically create every possible unique variant for you—that’s up to the store manager.
# Default Variant
Every product has a default variant. Whenever a product is created, a default variant will be created as well.
If a product type has multiple variants enabled, the author can choose which one should be used by default. Products that do not have multiple variants still have a default variant, but the author can’t add additional variants.
For a single-variant product, variant details are shown in a unified view with custom product fields:
When a product supports multiple variants, the default variant will be identified in a Variants field where more variants can be added:
# Variant Stock
Variants can have unlimited stock or a specific quantity.
A finite stock amount will automatically be reduced whenever someone completes an order, until the stock amount reaches zero. At that point the variant’s “Available for purchase” setting won’t be changed, but zero-stock variants cannot be added to a cart.
For returns or refunds that aren’t ultimately delivered to the customer, you’ll need to either manually update product stock or use the orderStatusChange
event to automate further stock adjustments.
# Querying Variants
You can fetch variants using variant queries.
Once you’ve created a variant query, you can set parameters on it to narrow down the results, and then execute it (opens new window) by calling .all()
. An array of Variant (opens new window) objects will be returned.
You can also fetch only the number of items a query might return, which is better for performance when you don’t need the variant data.
{# Count all enabled variants #}
{% set myVariantCount = craft.variants()
.status('enabled')
.count() %}
See Element Queries (opens new window) in the Craft docs to learn about how element queries work.
# Example
We can display a specific variant by its ID in Twig by doing the following:
- Create a variant query with
craft.variants()
. - Set the
id
parameter on it. - Fetch the variant with
.one()
. - Output information about the variant as HTML.
{# Get the requested variant ID from the query string #}
{% set variantId = craft.app.request.getQueryParam('id') %}
{# Create a variant query with the 'id' parameter #}
{% set myVariantQuery = craft.variants()
.id(variantId) %}
{# Fetch the variant #}
{% set variant = myVariantQuery.one() %}
{# Make sure it exists #}
{% if not variant %}
{% exit 404 %}
{% endif %}
{# Display the variant #}
<h1>{{ variant.title }}</h1>
<!-- ... -->
Fetching the equivalent with GraphQL could look like this:
# Fetch variant having ID = 46
{
variants(id: 46) {
title
}
}
# Variant Query Parameters
Variant queries support the following parameters:
Param | Description |
---|---|
afterPopulate | Performs any post-population processing on elements. |
andRelatedTo | Narrows the query results to only variants that are related to certain other elements. |
asArray | Causes the query to return matching variants as arrays of data, rather than Variant (opens new window) objects. |
cache | Enables query cache for this Query. |
clearCachedResult | Clears the cached result (opens new window). |
dateCreated | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ creation dates. |
dateUpdated | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ last-updated dates. |
fixedOrder | Causes the query results to be returned in the order specified by id. |
hasProduct | Narrows the query results to only variants for certain products. |
hasSales | Narrows the query results to only variants that are on sale. |
hasStock | Narrows the query results to only variants that have stock. |
hasUnlimitedStock | Narrows the query results to only variants that have been set to unlimited stock. |
height | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ height dimension. |
id | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ IDs. |
ignorePlaceholders | Causes the query to return matching variants as they are stored in the database, ignoring matching placeholder elements that were set by craft\services\Elements::setPlaceholderElement() (opens new window). |
inReverse | Causes the query results to be returned in reverse order. |
isDefault | Narrows the query results to only default variants. |
length | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ length dimension. |
limit | Determines the number of variants that should be returned. |
maxQty | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ max quantity. |
minQty | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ min quantity. |
offset | Determines how many variants should be skipped in the results. |
orderBy | Determines the order that the variants should be returned in. (If empty, defaults to sortOrder ASC .) |
preferSites | If unique is set, this determines which site should be selected when querying multi-site elements. |
prepareSubquery | Prepares the element query and returns its subquery (which determines what elements will be returned). |
price | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ price. |
product | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ product. |
productId | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ products’ IDs. |
relatedTo | Narrows the query results to only variants that are related to certain other elements. |
search | Narrows the query results to only variants that match a search query. |
site | Determines which site(s) the variants should be queried in. |
siteId | |
siteSettingsId | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ IDs in the elements_sites table. |
sku | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ SKUs. |
status | |
stock | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ stock. |
title | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ titles. |
trashed | Narrows the query results to only variants that have been soft-deleted. |
typeId | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ product types, per their IDs. |
uid | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ UIDs. |
unique | Determines whether only elements with unique IDs should be returned by the query. |
weight | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ weight dimension. |
width | Narrows the query results based on the variants’ width dimension. |
with | Causes the query to return matching variants eager-loaded with related elements. |
# afterPopulate
Performs any post-population processing on elements.
# andRelatedTo
Narrows the query results to only variants that are related to certain other elements.
See Relations (opens new window) for a full explanation of how to work with this parameter.
{# Fetch all variants that are related to myCategoryA and myCategoryB #}
{% set variants = craft.variants()
.relatedTo(myCategoryA)
.andRelatedTo(myCategoryB)
.all() %}
# asArray
Causes the query to return matching variants as arrays of data, rather than Variant (opens new window) objects.
# cache
Enables query cache for this Query.
# clearCachedResult
Clears the cached result (opens new window).
# dateCreated
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ creation dates.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
'>= 2018-04-01' | that were created on or after 2018-04-01. |
'< 2018-05-01' | that were created before 2018-05-01. |
['and', '>= 2018-04-04', '< 2018-05-01'] | that were created between 2018-04-01 and 2018-05-01. |
now /today /tomorrow /yesterday | that were created at midnight of the specified relative date. |
{# Fetch variants created last month #}
{% set start = date('first day of last month')|atom %}
{% set end = date('first day of this month')|atom %}
{% set variants = craft.variants()
.dateCreated(['and', ">= #{start}", "< #{end}"])
.all() %}
# dateUpdated
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ last-updated dates.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
'>= 2018-04-01' | that were updated on or after 2018-04-01. |
'< 2018-05-01' | that were updated before 2018-05-01. |
['and', '>= 2018-04-04', '< 2018-05-01'] | that were updated between 2018-04-01 and 2018-05-01. |
now /today /tomorrow /yesterday | that were updated at midnight of the specified relative date. |
{# Fetch variants updated in the last week #}
{% set lastWeek = date('1 week ago')|atom %}
{% set variants = craft.variants()
.dateUpdated(">= #{lastWeek}")
.all() %}
# fixedOrder
Causes the query results to be returned in the order specified by id.
If no IDs were passed to id, setting this to true
will result in an empty result set.
{# Fetch variants in a specific order #}
{% set variants = craft.variants()
.id([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
.fixedOrder()
.all() %}
# hasProduct
Narrows the query results to only variants for certain products.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
a ProductQuery (opens new window) object | for products that match the query. |
# hasSales
Narrows the query results to only variants that are on sale.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
true | on sale |
false | not on sale |
# hasStock
Narrows the query results to only variants that have stock.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
true | with stock. |
false | with no stock. |
# hasUnlimitedStock
Narrows the query results to only variants that have been set to unlimited stock.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
true | with unlimited stock checked. |
false | with unlimited stock not checked. |
# height
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ height dimension.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
100 | with a height of 100. |
'>= 100' | with a height of at least 100. |
'< 100' | with a height of less than 100. |
# id
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ IDs.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
1 | with an ID of 1. |
'not 1' | not with an ID of 1. |
[1, 2] | with an ID of 1 or 2. |
['not', 1, 2] | not with an ID of 1 or 2. |
This can be combined with fixedOrder if you want the results to be returned in a specific order.
# ignorePlaceholders
Causes the query to return matching variants as they are stored in the database, ignoring matching placeholder elements that were set by craft\services\Elements::setPlaceholderElement() (opens new window).
# inReverse
Causes the query results to be returned in reverse order.
# isDefault
Narrows the query results to only default variants.
# length
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ length dimension.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
100 | with a length of 100. |
'>= 100' | with a length of at least 100. |
'< 100' | with a length of less than 100. |
# limit
Determines the number of variants that should be returned.
# maxQty
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ max quantity.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
100 | with a maxQty of 100. |
'>= 100' | with a maxQty of at least 100. |
'< 100' | with a maxQty of less than 100. |
# minQty
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ min quantity.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
100 | with a minQty of 100. |
'>= 100' | with a minQty of at least 100. |
'< 100' | with a minQty of less than 100. |
# offset
Determines how many variants should be skipped in the results.
{# Fetch all variants except for the first 3 #}
{% set variants = craft.variants()
.offset(3)
.all() %}
# orderBy
Determines the order that the variants should be returned in. (If empty, defaults to sortOrder ASC
.)
{# Fetch all variants in order of date created #}
{% set variants = craft.variants()
.orderBy('dateCreated ASC')
.all() %}
# preferSites
If unique is set, this determines which site should be selected when querying multi-site elements.
For example, if element “Foo” exists in Site A and Site B, and element “Bar” exists in Site B and Site C,
and this is set to ['c', 'b', 'a']
, then Foo will be returned for Site B, and Bar will be returned
for Site C.
If this isn’t set, then preference goes to the current site.
{# Fetch unique variants from Site A, or Site B if they don’t exist in Site A #}
{% set variants = craft.variants()
.site('*')
.unique()
.preferSites(['a', 'b'])
.all() %}
# prepareSubquery
Prepares the element query and returns its subquery (which determines what elements will be returned).
# price
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ price.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
100 | with a price of 100. |
'>= 100' | with a price of at least 100. |
'< 100' | with a price of less than 100. |
# product
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ product.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
a Product (opens new window) object | for a product represented by the object. |
# productId
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ products’ IDs.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
1 | for a product with an ID of 1. |
[1, 2] | for product with an ID of 1 or 2. |
['not', 1, 2] | for product not with an ID of 1 or 2. |
# relatedTo
Narrows the query results to only variants that are related to certain other elements.
See Relations (opens new window) for a full explanation of how to work with this parameter.
{# Fetch all variants that are related to myCategory #}
{% set variants = craft.variants()
.relatedTo(myCategory)
.all() %}
# search
Narrows the query results to only variants that match a search query.
See Searching (opens new window) for a full explanation of how to work with this parameter.
{# Get the search query from the 'q' query string param #}
{% set searchQuery = craft.app.request.getQueryParam('q') %}
{# Fetch all variants that match the search query #}
{% set variants = craft.variants()
.search(searchQuery)
.all() %}
# site
Determines which site(s) the variants should be queried in.
The current site will be used by default.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
'foo' | from the site with a handle of foo . |
['foo', 'bar'] | from a site with a handle of foo or bar . |
['not', 'foo', 'bar'] | not in a site with a handle of foo or bar . |
a craft\models\Site (opens new window) object | from the site represented by the object. |
'*' | from any site. |
If multiple sites are specified, elements that belong to multiple sites will be returned multiple times. If you only want unique elements to be returned, use unique in conjunction with this.
{# Fetch variants from the Foo site #}
{% set variants = craft.variants()
.site('foo')
.all() %}
# siteId
# siteSettingsId
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ IDs in the elements_sites
table.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
1 | with an elements_sites ID of 1. |
'not 1' | not with an elements_sites ID of 1. |
[1, 2] | with an elements_sites ID of 1 or 2. |
['not', 1, 2] | not with an elements_sites ID of 1 or 2. |
{# Fetch the variant by its ID in the elements_sites table #}
{% set variant = craft.variants()
.siteSettingsId(1)
.one() %}
# sku
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ SKUs.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
'foo' | with a SKU of foo . |
'foo*' | with a SKU that begins with foo . |
'*foo' | with a SKU that ends with foo . |
'*foo*' | with a SKU that contains foo . |
'not *foo*' | with a SKU that doesn’t contain foo . |
['*foo*', '*bar*' | with a SKU that contains foo or bar . |
['not', '*foo*', '*bar*'] | with a SKU that doesn’t contain foo or bar . |
{# Get the requested variant SKU from the URL #}
{% set requestedSlug = craft.app.request.getSegment(3) %}
{# Fetch the variant with that slug #}
{% set variant = craft.variants()
.sku(requestedSlug|literal)
.one() %}
# status
# stock
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ stock.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
0 | with no stock. |
'>= 5' | with a stock of at least 5. |
'< 10' | with a stock of less than 10. |
# title
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ titles.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
'Foo' | with a title of Foo . |
'Foo*' | with a title that begins with Foo . |
'*Foo' | with a title that ends with Foo . |
'*Foo*' | with a title that contains Foo . |
'not *Foo*' | with a title that doesn’t contain Foo . |
['*Foo*', '*Bar*'] | with a title that contains Foo or Bar . |
['not', '*Foo*', '*Bar*'] | with a title that doesn’t contain Foo or Bar . |
{# Fetch variants with a title that contains "Foo" #}
{% set variants = craft.variants()
.title('*Foo*')
.all() %}
# trashed
Narrows the query results to only variants that have been soft-deleted.
# typeId
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ product types, per their IDs.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
1 | for a product of a type with an ID of 1. |
[1, 2] | for product of a type with an ID of 1 or 2. |
['not', 1, 2] | for product of a type not with an ID of 1 or 2. |
# uid
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ UIDs.
{# Fetch the variant by its UID #}
{% set variant = craft.variants()
.uid('xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx')
.one() %}
# unique
Determines whether only elements with unique IDs should be returned by the query.
This should be used when querying elements from multiple sites at the same time, if “duplicate” results is not desired.
{# Fetch unique variants across all sites #}
{% set variants = craft.variants()
.site('*')
.unique()
.all() %}
# weight
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ weight dimension.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
100 | with a weight of 100. |
'>= 100' | with a weight of at least 100. |
'< 100' | with a weight of less than 100. |
# width
Narrows the query results based on the variants’ width dimension.
Possible values include:
Value | Fetches variants… |
---|---|
100 | with a width of 100. |
'>= 100' | with a width of at least 100. |
'< 100' | with a width of less than 100. |
# with
Causes the query to return matching variants eager-loaded with related elements.
See Eager-Loading Elements (opens new window) for a full explanation of how to work with this parameter.
{# Fetch variants eager-loaded with the "Related" field’s relations #}
{% set variants = craft.variants()
.with(['related'])
.all() %}
# Variants
Variants are purchasables, and they represent the individual items that customers will add to their carts as line items—even if a product type is limited to a single variant. A variant is where you’ll control pricing information, tax and shipping settings, inventory, dimensions, and so on.
Commerce gives you a great deal of flexibility in designing your product catalog—but an important consideration early-on is how you want customers to discover goods in your store. Setting aside for a moment single-variant products, variants don’t get their own URLs, and are queried separately from products. Prematurely grouping items into products can make selection difficult for customers, while aggressively separating variations of a single item into products can make differentiating products more difficult for customers.
Consider these tradeoffs when building your catalog—and don’t forget that you have all of Craft’s content and relational tools at your disposal!
# Prices
Every variant has a price and a promotional price. Both base prices are defined directly on the variant, but the final price shown to a customer may be determined by other pricing rules.
Prices are defined for each store a variant is available in.
# Stock
Commerce tracks inventory at the variant level.
# Tax & Shipping
When creating a variant, you will select its Tax and Shipping Category.
For a Tax Category to be selectable, it must be allowed for the product type that the variant belongs to.
The Shipping Category follows similar rules, but the options are defined per-store.